To allow more precise assessment of the competence of the esophagogastric sphincter mechanism, Hill et al. presented a practical classification in 1996.

Clinical case: A 78-year-old lady presented as an emergency case with stool retention for several days in chronic constipation, with known diverticulosis and acutely increasing

A 68-year old woman with advanced endometrial cancer and evidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was referred to endoscopy unit

Follow-up intervals after polypectomy Colonoscopy is the most reliable procedure for detecting colorectal carcinomas and polyps. The aim of colonoscopy must be to achieve a

Here we present a case of a patient qualified for endosonographic evaluation of unspecific esophageal submucosal lesion (SEL). The lesion was detected during routine upper

Classification presented by Burgess NG et al. based on retrospective evaluation, clinical observations and image analysis. It allows for the assessment of deep mural injury

The Surgical Working Group on Endoscopy and Ultrasound (Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Endoskopie und Sonographie, CAES) has developed and validated a classification of anastomotic insufficiency in

This article provides an overview of the scoring systems commonly used for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis by means of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and for classifying the

A 38-year-old man in a clearly impaired general state of health presented for clarification of Hb-relevant gastrointestinal bleeding with melena and transfusion-refractory thrombopenia.

Konsiliarische Vorstellung eines 47-Jährigen, multimorbiden Patienten bei dem in einem externen Krankenhaus zuvor mittels EMR ein Barrettfrühkarzinom abgetragen wurde. Trotz der basalen R1 Situation und

Invasive amebiasis in the colon, with ulcerations in the right colon.

Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia is a risk factor of intestinal-type gastric cancer, but WLI was not adequate to detect IM of stomach. NBI system with and

Acute cholangitis results from disturbed biliary drainage and bacterial infection. The mortality rates due to acute cholangitis reported in the literature over the last 20

The Forrest Classification was first described in 1974 by J.A. Forrest et al. in The Lancet. This classification is a widely used classification of ulcer-related

Increasing numbers of cystic tumors in the pancreas are being diagnosed. It is often difficult to precisely assign these highly varied tumors to a specific

Multimodal therapy for early Barrett’s neoplasias, has become established as the standard therapy and is set out in national and international guidelines. These dysplastic lesions

Achalasia is one of the differential diagnoses in patients with symptoms of dysphagia. High-resolution (HR) manometry is now regarded as the diagnostic gold standard for

Recently sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) have been recognized as another important precursor lesion to CRC. SSLs are thought be responsible for 15–30% of colorectal cancer.

Chronic inflammatorey bowel disease (IBD) with ist two forms Crohns Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) can be classified by various endoscopic scores with regards

Basic (BLI Adenoma Serrated International Classification) Classification for colorectal polyp characterization with blue light imaging

In the following, examples for superficial/early Barrett lesions of the esophagus are shown. Here, flat and sessilelesions are predominant, pedunculated tumors are rare. Sessile tumor

Tumors of the esophagogastric junction should be classified not only according to the TNM system with regards to tumor penetration (T stage), presence of lymph

The Paris classification for superficial / early tumors should be part of a standard terminology for endoscopic assessment. This classification applies to the entire gastrointestinal

Endoscopic treatment for early carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract has in the meantime become evidence-based and has been incorporated into national and international guidelines

Examples of superficial/early squamous cell lesions in the esophagus are presented below. In the esophagus, flat lesions are predominant in the early tumors, and polypoid

Examples of superficial/early gastric tumors are shown below. In the stomach, flat lesions are predominant, often as combined lesions with a central depression (IIa+c). Sessile

Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation trigged by the ingestion of gluten and resulting in a dense infiltration of lymphocytes in the proximal small intestine.

Among the gastric submucosal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors are a special entity, which also require examination of independent gastric mucosal biopsies for classification.

Heterotope Magenschleimhaut des Ösophagus (heterotopic gastric mucosa, gastric inlet patch) entspricht funktionellem Magengewebe, das sich nicht an der anatomisch üblichen Lokalisation befindet. Sie ist in

Depending on the patient’s degree of sedation and the examiner’s level of experience, carrying out a precise examination of the Z-line may not be very

The Prague classification was presented by an international research group in 2006 (1) and has since been regarded as the standard for measuring the length

Gastroesophageal reflux disease with endoscopically identifiable lesions (erosions, stricture, Barrett’s esophagus) is defined as erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Fewer than 50% of patients with

The NICE (NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic) Classification is based on narrow-band images of colon polyps. The classification uses staining, vascular patterns, and surface patterns to

Various systems are available for classifying esophageal varices. Unfortunately, they only overlap or coincide partly. The official terminology used by the German Society for Digestive

A classification for eosinophilic esophagitis has not yet been included in the usual terminologies in the German-speaking countries. In the official terminology of the German

The following gallery of images is intended to present the newly evaluated characteristics in the WASP classification, but it also illustrates the problems that still

Unclear smaller polyps in the rectum may represent a pitfall — if they do not look like perfectly typical hyperplasia or small adenomas, then carcinoids

Flat polyps are difficult to identify and may be easily overlooked, particularly in the right colon, where there is sometimes limited bowel cleansing. If a

In contrast to esophageal varices, there is only one classification system for fundic varices, developed by Sarin et al.