Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective strategy for complete resection of superficial esophageal neoplasia. However, such lesions in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension

The prevalence of GERD after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) ranges from 13% to 58%. This variation is due to a lack of precise definitions and

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a standard treatment option for patients with achalasia but is associated with a high incidence of postprocedure gastroesophageal reflux disease

For patients with intramucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma (T1a EAC), endoscopic treatment (endoscopic resection, followed by ablation) is the current standard. This study focused on patients with

Previous research has suggested a potential connection between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and a higher risk of dementia, causing concern among patients and health care

Previous research has suggested a potential connection between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and a higher risk of dementia, causing concern among patients and health care

Laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) as a treatment option for GERD involves 3 techniques based on the wrap extension: Nissen (total, 360°), Toupet (posterior, 270°), and Dor

Presently, there is no specific drug recommendation as the preferred treatment for active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) nor clear guidance on the comparative effectiveness of various

In patients with GERD, there is a need to understand the poor symptom-reflux association and the potential role of psychological processes in reporting esophageal symptom

The current standard method for diagnosing and staging esophageal subepithelial lesions and tumors is endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This study focused on a newly developed medical

Dealing with esophageal food bolus impactions (FBIs) is a frequent gastrointestinal emergency. Effective handling of esophageal FBIs entails promptly conducting an endoscopic assessment and addressing

Given reports on the rising global incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and the associated societal impact, investigators conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a popular choice for weight loss due to its ease and effectiveness. However, it can worsen symptoms of esophageal reflux

It is known that some patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can develop a second primary tumor (SPT). Timely detection of SPTs

For the treatment of patients with achalasia, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has shown comparable effectiveness to surgery. During POEM, the typical length of the myotomy

Natural language processing (NLP) is a computer technology that uses language cues and context to interpret findings and mine large databases to identify desired clinical

Data directly comparing treatment options for achalasia are limited, namely peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), and endoscopic pneumatic dilation (PD). The current

The Index of Severity for EoE (I-SEE) is a new tool created by a multidisciplinary team to identify meaningful features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) disease

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) is a known risk factor for lung cancer. However, the evidence linking PM2.5 to esophageal cancer is sparse

Local triamcinolone (TA) therapy involves injecting approximately a 100-mg dose of TA into the ulcer immediately after an endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure to reduce the

Endoscopic resection (ER) plays a critical role in both treating and diagnosing superficial esophageal cancer. However, the incidence of lymph node metastasis in patients with

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is increasingly being used as mainline therapy for patients with achalasia. After POEM, approximately 30% to 50% of patients experience abnormal

Research into peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) as a rescue therapy for patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms after laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is increasing. Although

The current screening model for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) has limitations because patients need to be identified by their primary care physician and then referred to

There are several elimination diet regimens available, including the 6-food elimination diet (SFED), 4-food elimination diet (FFED), one-food elimination diet (OFED), and targeted elimination diet

Some studies suggest that prior treatment may increase the difficulty and success of tunneling during a peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure, but recent studies have

Upper gastrointestinal cancers (UGICs) are typically diagnosed through endoscopy, but some cases may be missed and diagnosed later, known as postendoscopy UGICs (PEUGICs). PEUGICs are

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) requires clear visualization of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) mucosa, but there is no standardized method to assess mucosal visualization. Lesions are often missed

Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is recommended to reduce mortality and morbidity related to esophageal adenocarcinoma. A thorough endoscopic inspection of a BE segment

In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with invasion into the muscularis mucosa (pMM-ESCC) with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), the Japan Esophageal Society recommends additional treatment

Per the Lyon Consensus, endoscopic documentation of Los Angeles (LA) grade C or D esophagitis is conclusive evidence of GERD, whereas LA grades A and

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic condition increasingly encountered in clinical practice. The establishment of quality indicators (QIs) in EoE will lead to the standardization

Chronic opioid use can lead to a variety of esophageal disorders, including type III achalasia, esophagogastric outflow obstruction (EGJOO), diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), and hypercontractile

Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-related neoplasia is frequently missed during upper endoscopy, and characterization of mucosal changes may help in its detection. The primary aim of this

Subtle surface changes associated with early-stage esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) can be difficult to detect during standard endoscopy. The primary aim of this study

Current treatment options for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) include the use of topical corticosteroids. This study aimed to demonstrate whether outcomes of topical corticosteroids

Atypical GERD symptoms, including cough and hoarseness, can be difficult to treat, even with proton pump inhibitors and laparoscopic surgical fundoplication. Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF),

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precancerous condition that can lead to the development of dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma (neoplasia). Since neoplasia can present as subtle

High-risk Stage I Esophageal Cancer Traditionally, surgical resection has been the standard for the treatment of patients with clinical stage I T1a-bN0M0 esophageal squamous cell

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve scanning the DNA of a large cohort to identify any genetic variants associated with the disease in question. Previous GWAS

Endoscopic resection is a minimally invasive and curative treatment option for those with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), although more

Erosive esophagitis, a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is documented in 30% to 50% of GERD patients undergoing endoscopy. Current guidelines recommend proton

A significant portion of patients with reflux-like symptoms do not have GERD and could potentially discontinue proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Although wireless pH monitoring

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy has released updated recommendations on the diagnosis and management of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage. Of the 16 recommendations, all are

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic risk of distal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in patients with EoE is not

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that involves teaching computers the ability to understand written text like how humans

Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary elimination therapy is an effective nonprescription treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), yet many providers are still hesitant about recommending

One treatment method for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the six-food elimination diet (SFED), which removes milk, wheat, soy, egg, tree nuts/peanuts, and fish/shellfish

Endoscopic therapy for patients with neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) involves resection followed by mucosal ablation. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the flat BE mucosa leads to

Although dietary changes are recommended for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supporting these management strategies are lacking. This RCT evaluated

Current strategies for the endoscopic treatment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) focus on resection of nodular lesions within BE and then the ablation of the flat

It is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the aerosol route during GI endoscopic procedures. As more hospitals and endoscopy units are resuming prepandemic

Given a major increase (50%) in opioid prescriptions across the United States from 2000 to 2010, there is renewed interest in evaluating the effects of

With more than 6.1 million EGDs performed in the United States annually, establishing quality measures is imperative. Having well-defined quality measures can ensure consistency for

Recent guidelines have recommended peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) as first-line therapy for all subtypes of achalasia, given that POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy have comparable

The degree of dysplasia in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is key to determining the application of BE endoscopic therapy and assigning surveillance intervals. Multiple

For patients with complex benign esophageal strictures, including tight, long, or tortuous strictures, endoscopic dilation is usually performed at 2- to 4-week intervals. The success

GERD, manifested by typical symptoms of heartburn as well as regurgitation and additional extraesophageal symptoms, such as chronic cough, sore throat, and globus sensation, affects

Individuals diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are known to have an increased risk of developing a second primary tumor in the

A small subset of patients who undergo Barrett’s endoscopic therapy (BET) using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) will have evidence of poor mucosal healing (mucosal edema, ulcers,

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically difficult and relies on appropriate countertraction and visibility to safely remove lesions of interest. Robot-assisted endoscopy has been under

Clinical response after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is subjectively assessed using the Eckardt score (ES) or objectively tested using high-resolution manometry (HRM) or barium esophagram.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a known precancerous lesion for esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (EAC); however, it is unclear who will progress to high-grade dysplasia (HGD)

Empiric esophageal dilation often is performed for patients presenting with dysphagia who have no evidence of an anatomic obstruction or lesion. However, there is little

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have emerged as important treatment techniques for patients with visible lesions in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Whereas

Endoscopic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) usually involves resection of visible lesions by endoscopic mucosal resection followed by mucosal ablation using radio frequency ablation. Hybrid

Superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involving the epithelium and lamina propria is treated with endoscopic resection (ER) due to negligible risk of lymph node

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an endoscopic procedure that exposes the contents of the esophagus to the sterile mediastinum during the myotomy. This allows microbial

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely utilized in the treatment of neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) after endoscopic resection of all visible lesions. Cryotherapy is another form

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common reason for referral for upper endoscopy. This study sought to determine whether there is a relationship between

The accurate diagnosis and management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are important for the early recognition and minimally invasive treatment of BE neoplasia. Despite

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems using convolutional neural networks have been developed to differentiate between esophageal cancer (EAC), high-grade dysplasia, and nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. However, until

Among upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, gastric and esophageal cancers rank third and sixth, respectively, as the most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide.

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) continues to increase and is still associated with a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 20%. The

Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) can lead to dysphagia to both solids and liquids and can be treated endoscopically or surgically. This retrospective, single-center, observational study evaluated

During endoscopy, the extent of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is quantified by endoscopists using the widely accepted Prague C&M (circumferential and maximal lengths) criteria. Prague C&M

Spastic esophageal motility disorders (SEMDs) include a group of esophageal dysmotility conditions that are difficult to treat and often refractory to nonsurgical and/or endoscopic measures.

Standardized quality metrics evaluating the performance of a high-quality examination in patients with Barrett’s esophagus are lacking. The neoplasia detection rate (NDR), defined as the

Those at high risk or with a prior history of esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) are recommended to undergo screening or surveillance using dye-based chromoendoscopy.

Patients with high-grade dysplasia and/or early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are treated with endoscopic therapy (BET), with the goal of complete eradication of all

Cancers of the esophagus and stomach (upper gastrointestinal neoplasia [UGIN]) account for more than one-third of all GI cancers and 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Previous

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), an endoscopic modality for managing major esophageal motility disorders, has gained popularity in the last decade. Multiple controlled studies and systematic

The phenotypes of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) range from mild inflammation to severe fibrostenotic disease. Although current therapies (diet, proton pump inhibitors, and steroids) have shown

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a widely accepted, effective endoscopic procedure for the management of achalasia. Although POEM is considered a relatively safe procedure, studies

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic inflammatory disorder, can be treated with steroids, proton pump inhibitors, and dietary modifications. There have been advances in the formulations

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a relatively common condition impacting up to 40% of the adult population, can be treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), laparoscopic

The majority of neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia [HGD] and/or esophageal adenocarcinoma [EAC]) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is detected at the initial endoscopy, ie, prevalent

Currently, an upper GI endoscopy with biopsies of the columnar-lined distal esophagus is necessary to diagnose Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Easier, noninvasive, nonendoscopy-based testing techniques have

The functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) measures the distensibility index (DI) at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). This is a measure of GEJ compliance, which has

Laparoscopic antireflux surgery (ARS) is an effective treatment for patients with well-documented gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this retrospective cohort study, investigators used national databases

Persistent dysphagia (ie, symptoms for more than 3 months) after fundoplication surgery is reported in up to 25% of patients. After anatomical causes of dysphagia

Image-enhanced endoscopy is aimed at improving the detection of neoplastic lesions in the luminal GI tract during standard white-light endoscopy (WLE). Linked color imaging (LCI)

Buried Barrett’s esophagus (BE) mucosa, or subsquamous intestinal metaplasia, is defined as intestinal metaplasia that is present under a lining of endoscopically intact squamous epithelium.

Although esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in the Western world, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant type

Artificial intelligence (AI) studies for detecting and differentiating gastrointestinal lesions are on the rise. Various groups have developed a multitude of machine-learning algorithms to accurately

In patients undergoing Barrett’s endoscopic therapy (BET), complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) is the final goal. However, studies have reported recurrence of IM, specifically

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a minimally invasive procedure increasingly utilized to treat achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders. Despite its high efficacy, studies show

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the main treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, 30% to 50% of patients with GERD fail to achieve adequate

Upright gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as upright reflux, is thought to be a result of increased intragastric pressure. In turn, increases in intragastric

Achalasia can cause food retention, leading to bacterial overgrowth, irritation, and chronic inflammation, a proposed pathophysiological process that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Cryotherapy involves the application of a cryogen by way of spraying liquid nitrogen to the esophageal mucosa or by surface contact with a nitrous oxide-filled

Swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) are effective as initial treatment in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and in achieving histological remission. However, their role in the

Studies have reported that up to 25% of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) are detected within 1 year of index endoscopy (missed cancer), emphasizing the need for

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen-mediated immunological disorder that has a high relapse rate of >80% with cessation of therapy. Although corticosteroids (both topical

The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a condition characterized by esophageal eosinophilia and dysfunction, has been reported in about 5 to 10 per 100,000 individuals.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by the presence of esophageal dysfunction along with histological evidence of ≥15 eosinophils per high-power field from esophageal biopsies. Recent

Symptoms of dysphagia due to obstruction (mechanical or functional) can be caused by a noncompliant gastric pouch after bariatric surgery and, theoretically, could lead to

Upper endoscopy (EGD) with biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Several nonendoscopic techniques (sponge, capsule) have utilized biomarkers, such

Persistent and recurrent symptoms have been reported in up to 20% of patients with achalasia after surgical treatment with Heller myotomy. The aim of this

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a widely used modality for treating flat Barrett’s esophagus (BE) dysplasia, with the goal of achieving complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia

While the role of obesity in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the role of GERD in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are independently well established, there is

The magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy (MACE) system (MicroCam Navi; IntroMedic) is a novel noninvasive technique for visualizing the upper GI tract. This device utilizes a

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective method of resecting larger superficial esophageal lesions en bloc; however, it is fraught with advanced training needs, longer

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has issued recommendations on conditions that do not require routine surveillance. Those related to upper GI endoscopy include:

The 90˚-swipe cryoballoon ablation system (CbSAS90) is a new technology incorporating cryotherapy that has been proposed to treat Barrett’s esophagus (BE) segments. This technology is

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Laserna-Mendieta EJ, et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Jan 25. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), steroids, elimination diets, and esophageal dilation

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Vaezi MF, et al. Gastroenterology 2020 Feb 21. Proton pump inhibitor- (PPI) refractory GERD, accounting for about one-third of all

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Krishnamoorthi R, et al. Gastrointest Endosc 2020 Jan. The risk of progression in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with low-grade dysplasia has

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Eluri S, et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Jan. Long-term durability of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) is the

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Hirano I, et al. Gastroenterology 2020 Jan. Medical treatment options for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) include proton pump inhibitors,

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Lin D, et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Dec 27. The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE reviewing Werner YB, et al. N Engl J Med 2019 Dec 5. Both peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and surgical laparoscopic Heller’s

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE reviewing Liu ZQ, et al. Endoscopy 2019 Apr. The major treatment options for achalasia include laparoscopic Heller myotomy, pneumatic balloon dilation,

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE reviewing Gotoda T, et al. Gastrointest Endosc 2019 Oct 25. Lugol’s iodine has been utilized for dye-spray chromoendoscopy to detect esophageal

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE reviewing Spechler SJ, et al. New Engl J Med 2019 Oct 17. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely utilized for

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE reviewing Bell R, et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Sep 10. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) uses a series of titanium beads

Although it is known that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease and recurs if treatment is discontinued, the rates of recurrence and the impact

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for the treatment of GERD, including healing erosive esophagitis. Since several PPIs have a slow, cumulative onset of