Artificial Intelligence Can Help Extract Dysplasia Diagnoses From Electronic Health Records

Artificial Intelligence Can Help Extract Dysplasia Diagnoses From Electronic Health Records

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE, reviewing Wenker TN, et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Sep 14.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that involves teaching computers the ability to understand written text like how humans do. The primary aim of this study was to create an NLP algorithm to identify dysplasia in pathology reports for patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE).

The study randomly selected a cohort of 1000 patients with BE from the national Veterans Affairs electronic health records database. The pathology reports of these patients were manually reviewed by 2 investigators and classified for the presence of BE and grade of dysplasia. The NLP development set included 600 patients, and the validation set included the remaining 400 patients. 

Compared with human reviewers, the NLP algorithm identified dysplasia in the development set with a 98.0% accuracy and 91.7% recall (precision, 93.2%; F-measure, 92.4%). In the validation set, NLP detected dysplasia with 98.7% accuracy and 92.3% recall (precision, 100.0%; F-measure, 96.0%).  The most common reason for false negatives (4 of 8) in both sets was excessive line breaks in pathology reports.

Prateek Sharma, MD, FASGE

COMMENT

The application of NLP algorithms in BE patients and their pathology reports holds significant promise in clinical practice and research studies. Determining surveillance intervals and quality measurements (such as following the neoplasia detection rate/nondetection rate) will be helped by AI.

 

 

Note to readers: At the time we reviewed this paper, its publisher noted that it was not in final form and that subsequent changes might be made.

CITATION(S)

Wenker TN, Natarajan Y, Caskey K, et al. Using natural language processing to automatically identify dysplasia in pathology reports for patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Sep 14. (Epub ahead of print) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2022.09.005)

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