The Forrest Classification is now used as a tool to identify patients who are at an increased risk for bleeding, rebleeding and mortality

Background Perforation of an acute ulcer is a serious and life-threatening condition. Treatment for this sudden abdominal event is surgical in the majority of cases.

PPIs have become routine in ICU units to prevent bleeding in critically ill patients – but are they justified?

In contrast to esophageal varices, there is only one classification system for fundic varices, developed by Sarin et al.