Achieving sustained biliary drainage in patients with cholestasis or cholangitis often represents a turning-point in the treatment of malignant and infectious diseases with hepatobiliary involvement.

Biliary leaks and strictures are among the most common adverse events after liver transplantation. Anastomotic strictures are generally managed using endoscopic balloon dilation and stenting

Endosonographic drainage of pancreatic cysts is currently regarded as the standard throughout the world, in comparison with other treatments (such as percutaneous drainage or surgery).